> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://dnzwithazee.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Monitoring

> Upstream health, incidents, traffic alerts and the daily summary.

DNZ watches its upstreams and its own traffic, shows problems in the dashboard, and can send them
to Telegram, e-mail or a webhook.

## Forward DNS monitoring

On the Overview, superadmins see every upstream with:

* latency: last, average, p95, a sparkline,
* packet loss,
* share of queries it received,
* errors by kind: **request timeout** (no answer in time), **unreachable** (connection refused or
  no route), and **TLS** (a failed handshake or certificate, often something intercepting the
  connection to a DoT or DoH upstream).

Each upstream and conditional forwarding rule is probed every 15 seconds. When one goes down:

* a warning banner appears on every page,
* a toast pops up when it goes down and when it recovers,
* an entry is added to the **incident log** (the bell in the top bar), kept for 90 days.

When an upstream misbehaves, **Diagnose** next to it checks the path step by step. See
[Diagnosing an upstream](/dns/forwarding#diagnose-an-upstream).

## Traffic alerts

Checked every minute, and sent at most once an hour each:

| Alert | When |
| - | - |
| **NXDOMAIN spike** | The NXDOMAIN share of the last 5 minutes is over a threshold and twice the usual share. Includes the names and clients behind it |
| **Rate limiting** | Queries over the per-client limit in 5 minutes go over a threshold. Includes the clients |
| **Full cache** | Answers are pushed out of the cache before their TTL runs out, meaning `cache_size` is too small |

Thresholds live under **Settings → Notifications → Alerts**.

## Daily summary

At the hour you choose, DNZ sends yesterday's numbers: queries and the change on the day before,
local / forwarded / cache / blocked shares, NXDOMAIN and SERVFAIL, outages, and the top names and
clients.

## Getting alerts

Alerts go to the notification providers that subscribe to them. See
[Notifications](/integrations/notifications).

```bash theme={null}
dnz notify alerts --nxdomain-percent 40 --rate-limited 500 --summary-hour 7
dnz notify incidents        # upstream outages and recoveries
dnz stats --range 30d       # the dashboard's traffic summary in the terminal
```


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